AWS - IAM
Security, Identity, & Compliance / IAM
AWS IAM 是什麼?
Identity Access Management allows you to manage users and thier level of access to the AWS Console.
- centralised(集中)control of your AWS account
- Shared access to your AWS account
- Granular(粒)Permissions(權限)
- Identity(身份)Federation(including Active Directory, Facebook, Linkin, etc..)
- Multifactor Authentication
- Provide temporary access for users/devices and services where necessary
- integrates(整合)with many deifferent aws services
- Supports PCI DSS(Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard 支付卡行業數據安全標準)Compliance
Key Terminology For IAM
- Users:End Users such as people, employees of an organization etc.
- Groups:A collection of users. Each user in the group will inherit the permission of the group.
- Policies:Policies are made up of documents, called Policy documents. These doccuments are in a format called JSON and they give permissions as to what a User/Groups/Role is able to do.
- Roles:you create Roles and then assign them to AWS Resources.
從 AWS AIM 設定了解觀念
點選 Security, Identity, & Compliance / IAM
後,可以登入 Welcome to Identity and Access Management
的頁面。
Customize IAM users sign-in link
其中可以點選 Customize
按鈕修改 IAM users sign-in link
的連結(無法與其他人重複)
成功編輯後 IAM users sign-in link
就會被替換( e.g. https://chestertang1231.signin.aws.amazon.com/console )
Security Status
Activate MFA on your root account
- Multi-factor authentication(多重要素驗證)
又譯多因子認證、多因素驗證、多因素認證,是一種電腦存取控制的方法,用戶要通過兩種以上的認證機制之後,才能得到授權,使用電腦資源。例如,使用者要輸入 PIN 碼,插入銀行卡,最後再經指紋比對,通過這三種認證方式,才能獲得授權。這種認證方式可以提高安全性。
更生活化的例子就像是,現在的預約買口罩需要讀卡機來讀健保卡,又或者是以前玩電玩除了要先登入帳號之外,還要有 beanfun 的讀卡機來讀卡,也就是雙重認證的概念。
點選 Manage MFA
來設定雙重認證,其中又分為以下三種:
Virtual MFA device
(uthenticator app installed on your mobile device or computer)U2F security key
(YubiKey or any other compliant U2F device)Other hardware MFA device
(Gemalto token)
可以透過手機下載 Google authenticator
APP 來進行 Virtual MFA device
驗證,當然也可依照個人喜好選擇其他雙重認證方式。
流程只需要掃描 QRcode 並輸入兩次手機 App 的 MFA-code
就可以完成。
- Create individual IAM users
設定完成 Multi-factor authentication
之後並點選 Manage Users
來 Add Users
!
- Use groups to assign permissions
並且設定 Group name
及選擇 Policy name
之後都選擇下一步即可建立好 User & Group,完成後就會顯示 Success
的畫面:
- 注意
Secret access key
的show
只能點擊一次,之後就無法看到 - 建議直接下載
.csv
檔案來查看Password
、Access key ID
、Secret access key
等訊息 - 後方的
Send Email
也可以直接寄信的使用者
還記得剛剛設定的 policie name 中的
AdministratorAccess
嗎?
從這個 Police AdministratorAccess
中可以看出,它事實上是一個 JSON 格式,但這又代表著什麼意思呢?可以看到巢狀裡面的 "Effect": "Allow"
代表著這個人是被允許進入的,且底下的 Action
, Resource
的權限是 *
號,也就是代表著最大權限,如同 admin 的概念一樣。
1 |
|
- Apply an IAM password policy
總結
完成這些初步的設定可以大致了解到 AWS IAM 的用途,稍微做一下這篇的總結,並歸納一下這篇學到的觀念:
- IAM is universal(通用). It does not apply to regions at this time.
- The
root account
is simply the account created when first setup your AWS account. It has complete Admin access. - New Users have NO Permissions when first created.( e.g.
2. Create individual IAM users
) - New Users are assigned Access Key ID & Secret Access Key when first created.
- Access Key ID & Secret Access Key are not the same as a password. You can use this to access AWS via the API and Command Line
- You only get to view Access Key ID & Secret Access Key once. If you lost, you have to generate them.
- Always setup Multifactor Authentication on your root account.
- You can create and customize your own password rotation policies.( e.g.
4. Apply an IAM password policy
)